北山國中-植物面面觀
澳洲茶樹
中文名稱:
澳洲茶樹 更多澳洲茶樹
‧英文名稱: Tea Tree
‧學名:
Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel
‧科名: 桃金孃科(Myrtaceae)白千層屬(Melaleuca)
‧別名: 澳洲茶樹,互生葉白千層、茶香白千層、並葉白千層
‧原產地: 澳洲新南威爾斯北部的小河川流域。
‧分佈: 栽培。
‧用途: 1.庭園綠化用:澳洲茶樹少病蟲害,常背栽種在庭園作為綠化樹種。2.藥用:澳洲土人相傳,把採集到的茶樹葉攪碎敷在傷口上,可以幫助傷口消毒,加速康復。從茶樹葉片萃取所得的精油具有治療、舒緩、殺菌與消毒的特性。在 40 年代,茶樹精油主要是用來醫治受傷的士兵。由於效果絕佳,因此,收割葉片的人甚至可以免除兵役。
Uses of Australian Tea Tree
Landscape and Garden Use
Australian Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) is highly adaptable and resistant to pests and diseases. With its elegant appearance and resilience, it is often planted in gardens and parks as a popular choice for landscape greenery.
Medicinal and Health Use
According to Aboriginal traditions in Australia, crushed tea tree leaves were applied directly to wounds to help disinfect and promote healing. Modern research has confirmed that tea tree essential oil, extracted from its leaves, possesses natural antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, soothing, and disinfecting properties.
During World War II, the Australian military included tea tree essential oil as part of their medical supplies, using it to treat wounds and prevent infections among soldiers. Due to its high demand at the time, those involved in harvesting tea tree leaves were even exempted from military service.
桃花心木林
‧中文名稱: 桃花心木
‧英文名稱: Mahogany、West Indies Mahogany
‧學名: Swietenia mahogoni (L.) Jacq.
‧科名: 楝科(Meliaceae)桃花心木屬(Swietenia)
‧別名: 小葉桃花心木,桃花心木
‧原產地: 中南美洲及西印度熱帶地區。臺灣於 1901 年由日本人田代安定氏從日本引種,復於 1909 年橫檳植木株式會社從中美洲引入,1911 年日本人稻村時衛氏由印度引入,1953 年太麻里林葉試驗所分所亦引種。
‧分布:
中南部及東部散見栽植。
‧用途: 1.庭園樹、行道樹:桃花心木長成後枝葉茂密,遮蔭效果好,多栽植於庭園、校園、公園供觀賞或綠蔭樹,較少為行道樹。2.木材可製傢俱、器具、作建材及雕刻材料:樹幹通直,心材赤褐色,質地堅緻而有美麗的光澤,為優良家具、室內裝潢材料及造船艦等用途;在歐美地區認為以桃花心木做的傢俱為最高級的傢俱。3.果實碩大呈長卵形,熟後木質化並自基部裂成五瓣,紅褐色的翅果便像直昇機螺旋漿般地旋轉飄落下來,甚為有趣,常被作為遊戲用的種子。4.藥用:樹皮:樹皮含鞣質(英語:Tannin,又稱單寧或丹寧),是植物中的一種防衛用化學成分,用來封鎖蚜蟲的口腔以收防止蚜蟲的攻擊之效。效用:樹皮:有解熱,收斂,強壯之效。